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| -rw-r--r-- | doc/openocd.texi | 329 |
1 files changed, 317 insertions, 12 deletions
diff --git a/doc/openocd.texi b/doc/openocd.texi index a3a0a329..2d400fe8 100644 --- a/doc/openocd.texi +++ b/doc/openocd.texi @@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ This manual documents edition @value{EDITION} of the Open On-Chip Debugger * Tap Creation:: Tap Creation * Target Configuration:: Target Configuration * Flash Configuration:: Flash Configuration +* NAND Flash Commands:: NAND Flash Commands * General Commands:: General Commands * JTAG Commands:: JTAG Commands * Sample Scripts:: Sample Target Scripts @@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ This manual documents edition @value{EDITION} of the Open On-Chip Debugger @comment case issue with ``Index.html'' and ``index.html'' @comment Occurs when creating ``--html --no-split'' output @comment This fix is based on: http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2006-05/msg00215.html -* OpenOCD Index:: Main Index +* OpenOCD Concept Index:: Concept Index +* OpenOCD Command Index:: Command Index @end menu @node About @@ -104,10 +106,10 @@ Cortex-M3 (Luminary Stellaris LM3 and ST STM32) based cores to be debugged via the GDB protocol. @b{Flash Programing:} Flash writing is supported for external CFI -compatible flashes (Intel and AMD/Spansion command set) and several +compatible NOR flashes (Intel and AMD/Spansion command set) and several internal flashes (LPC2000, AT91SAM7, STR7x, STR9x, LM3, and -STM32x). Preliminary support for using the LPC3180's NAND flash -controller is included. +STM32x). Preliminary support for various NAND flash controllers +(LPC3180, Orion, S3C24xx, more) controller is included. @node Developers @chapter Developers @@ -812,7 +814,7 @@ target/FOO.cfg]} statements along with any board specific things. In summary the board files should contain (if present) @enumerate -@item External flash configuration (i.e.: the flash on CS0) +@item External flash configuration (i.e.: NOR flash on CS0, two NANDs on CS2) @item SDRAM configuration (size, speed, etc. @item Board specific IO configuration (i.e.: GPIO pins might disable a 2nd flash) @item Multiple TARGET source statements @@ -1077,8 +1079,8 @@ etb config $_TARGETNAME $_CHIPNAME.etb This applies @b{ONLY TO MICROCONTROLLERS} that have flash built in. @b{Never ever} in the ``target configuration file'' define any type of -flash that is external to the chip. (For example the BOOT flash on -Chip Select 0). The BOOT flash information goes in a board file - not +flash that is external to the chip. (For example a BOOT flash on +Chip Select 0.) Such flash information goes in a board file - not the TARGET (chip) file. Examples: @@ -1148,7 +1150,7 @@ configuration files and/or command line options. openocd.cfg file to force OpenOCD to ``initialize'' and make the targets ready. For example: If your openocd.cfg file needs to read/write memory on your target - the init command must occur before -the memory read/write commands. +the memory read/write commands. This includes @command{nand probe}. @section TCP/IP Ports @itemize @bullet @@ -1585,7 +1587,8 @@ commands use that dotted.name to manipulate or refer to the tap. Tap Uses: @itemize @bullet @item @b{Debug Target} A tap can be used by a GDB debug target -@item @b{Flash Programing} Some chips program the flash via JTAG +@item @b{Flash Programing} Some chips program the flash directly via JTAG, +instead of indirectly by making a CPU do it. @item @b{Boundry Scan} Some chips support boundary scan. @end itemize @@ -2003,7 +2006,10 @@ The following events are available: @item @b{reset-halt-pre} @* Currently not used @item @b{reset-init} -@* Currently not used +@* Used by @b{reset init} command for board-specific initialization. +This is where you would configure PLLs and clocking, set up DRAM so +you can download programs that don't fit in on-chip SRAM, set up pin +multiplexing, and so on. @item @b{reset-start} @* Currently not used @item @b{reset-wait-pos} @@ -2158,6 +2164,16 @@ still use this that need to be converted. @chapter Flash programming @cindex Flash Configuration +OpenOCD has different commands for NOR and NAND flash; +the ``flash'' command works with NOR flash, while +the ``nand'' command works with NAND flash. +This partially reflects different hardware technologies: +NOR flash usually supports direct CPU instruction and data bus access, +while data from a NAND flash must be copied to memory before it can be +used. (SPI flash must also be copied to memory before use.) +However, the documentation also uses ``flash'' as a generic term; +for example, ``Put flash configuration in board-specific files''. + @b{Note:} As of 28/nov/2008 OpenOCD does not know how to program a SPI flash that a micro may boot from. Perhaps you, the reader, would like to contribute support for this. @@ -2525,6 +2541,286 @@ These are flash specific commands when using the Stellaris driver. @*mass erase flash memory. @end itemize +@node NAND Flash Commands +@chapter NAND Flash Commands +@cindex NAND + +Compared to NOR or SPI flash, NAND devices are inexpensive +and high density. Today's NAND chips, and multi-chip modules, +commonly hold multiple GigaBytes of data. + +NAND chips consist of a number of ``erase blocks'' of a given +size (such as 128 KBytes), each of which is divided into a +number of pages (of perhaps 512 or 2048 bytes each). Each +page of a NAND flash has an ``out of band'' (OOB) area to hold +Error Correcting Code (ECC) and other metadata, usually 16 bytes +of OOB for every 512 bytes of page data. + +One key characteristic of NAND flash is that its error rate +is higher than that of NOR flash. In normal operation, that +ECC is used to correct and detect errors. However, NAND +blocks can also wear out and become unusable; those blocks +are then marked "bad". NAND chips are even shipped from the +manufacturer with a few bad blocks. The highest density chips +use a technology (MLC) that wears out more quickly, so ECC +support is increasingly important as a way to detect blocks +that have begun to fail, and help to preserve data integrity +with techniques such as wear leveling. + +Software is used to manage the ECC. Some controllers don't +support ECC directly; in those cases, software ECC is used. +Other controllers speed up the ECC calculations with hardware. +Single-bit error correction hardware is routine. Controllers +geared for newer MLC chips may correct 4 or more errors for +every 512 bytes of data. + +You will need to make sure that any data you write using +OpenOCD includes the apppropriate kind of ECC. For example, +that may mean passing the @code{oob_softecc} flag when +writing NAND data, or ensuring that the correct hardware +ECC mode is used. + +The basic steps for using NAND devices include: +@enumerate +@item Declare via the command @command{nand device} +@* Do this in a board-specific configuration file, +passing parameters as needed by the controller. +@item Configure each device using @command{nand probe}. +@* Do this only after the associated target is set up, +such as in its reset-init script or in procures defined +to access that device. +@item Operate on the flash via @command{nand subcommand} +@* Often commands to manipulate the flash are typed by a human, or run +via a script in some automated way. Common task include writing a +boot loader, operating system, or other data needed to initialize or +de-brick a board. +@end enumerate + +@section NAND Configuration Commands +@cindex NAND configuration + +NAND chips must be declared in configuration scripts, +plus some additional configuration that's done after +OpenOCD has initialized. + +@deffn {Config Command} {nand device} controller target [configparams...] +Declares a NAND device, which can be read and written to +after it has been configured through @command{nand probe}. +In OpenOCD, devices are single chips; this is unlike some +operating systems, which may manage multiple chips as if +they were a single (larger) device. +In some cases, configuring a device will activate extra +commands; see the controller-specific documentation. + +@b{NOTE:} This command is not available after OpenOCD +initialization has completed. Use it in board specific +configuration files, not interactively. + +@itemize @bullet +@item @var{controller} ... identifies a the controller driver +associated with the NAND device being declared. +@xref{NAND Driver List}. +@item @var{target} ... names the target used when issuing +commands to the NAND controller. +@comment Actually, it's currently a controller-specific parameter... +@item @var{configparams} ... controllers may support, or require, +additional parameters. See the controller-specific documentation +for more information. +@end itemize +@end deffn + +@deffn Command {nand list} +Prints a one-line summary of each device declared +using @command{nand device}, numbered from zero. +Note that un-probed devices show no details. +@end deffn + +@deffn Command {nand probe} num +Probes the specified device to determine key characteristics +like its page and block sizes, and how many blocks it has. +The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}. +You must (successfully) probe a device before you can use +it with most other NAND commands. +@end deffn + +@section Erasing, Reading, Writing to NAND Flash + +@deffn Command {nand dump} num filename offset length [oob_option] +@cindex NAND reading +Reads binary data from the NAND device and writes it to the file, +starting at the specified offset. +The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}. + +Use a complete path name for @var{filename}, so you don't depend +on the directory used to start the OpenOCD server. + +The @var{offset} and @var{length} must be exact multiples of the +device's page size. They describe a data region; the OOB data +associated with each such page may also be accessed. + +@b{NOTE:} At the time this text was written, no error correction +was done on the data that's read, unless raw access was disabled +and the underlying NAND controller driver had a @code{read_page} +method which handled that error correction. + +By default, only page data is saved to the specified file. +Use an @var{oob_option} parameter to save OOB data: +@itemize @bullet +@item no oob_* parameter +@*Output file holds only page data; OOB is discarded. +@item @code{oob_raw} +@*Output file interleaves page data and OOB data; +the file will be longer than "length" by the size of the +spare areas associated with each data page. +Note that this kind of "raw" access is different from +what's implied by @command{nand raw_access}, which just +controls whether a hardware-aware access method is used. +@item @code{oob_only} +@*Output file has only raw OOB data, and will +be smaller than "length" since it will contain only the +spare areas associated with each data page. +@end itemize +@end deffn + +@deffn Command {nand erase} num ... +@cindex NAND erasing +@b{NOTE:} Syntax is in flux. +@end deffn + +@deffn Command {nand write} num filename offset [option...] +@cindex NAND writing +Writes binary data from the file into the specified NAND device, +starting at the specified offset. Those pages should already +have been erased; you can't change zero bits to one bits. +The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}. + +Use a complete path name for @var{filename}, so you don't depend +on the directory used to start the OpenOCD server. + +The @var{offset} must be an exact multiple of the device's page size. +All data in the file will be written, assuming it doesn't run +past the end of the device. +Only full pages are written, and any extra space in the last +page will be filled with 0xff bytes. (That includes OOB data, +if that's being written.) + +@b{NOTE:} At the time this text was written, bad blocks are +ignored. That is, this routine will not skip bad blocks, +but will instead try to write them. This can cause problems. + +Provide at most one @var{option} parameter. With some +NAND drivers, the meanings of these parameters may change +if @command{nand raw_access} was used to disable hardware ECC. +@itemize @bullet +@item no oob_* parameter +@*File has only page data, which is written. +If raw acccess is in use, the OOB area will not be written. +Otherwise, if the underlying NAND controller driver has +a @code{write_page} routine, that routine may write the OOB +with hardware-computed ECC data. +@item @code{oob_only} +@*File has only raw OOB data, which is written to the OOB area. +Each page's data area stays untouched. @i{This can be a dangerous +option}, since it can invalidate the ECC data. +You may need to force raw access to use this mode. +@item @code{oob_raw} +@*File interleaves data and OOB data, both of which are written +If raw access is enabled, the data is written first, then the +un-altered OOB. +Otherwise, if the underlying NAND controller driver has +a @code{write_page} routine, that routine may modify the OOB +before it's written, to include hardware-computed ECC data. +@item @code{oob_softecc} +@*File has only page data, which is written. +The OOB area is filled with 0xff, except for a standard 1-bit +software ECC code stored in conventional locations. +You might need to force raw access to use this mode, to prevent +the underlying driver from applying hardware ECC. +@item @code{oob_softecc_kw} +@*File has only page data, which is written. +The OOB area is filled with 0xff, except for a 4-bit software ECC +specific to the boot ROM in Marvell Kirkwood SoCs. +You might need to force raw access to use this mode, to prevent +the underlying driver from applying hardware ECC. +@end itemize +@end deffn + +@section Other NAND commands +@cindex NAND other commands + +@deffn Command {nand check_bad} num ... +@b{NOTE:} Syntax is in flux. +@end deffn + +@deffn Command {nand info} num +The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}. +This prints the one-line summary from "nand list", plus for +devices which have been probed this also prints any known +status for each block. +@end deffn + +@deffn Command {nand raw_access} num <enable|disable> +Sets or clears an flag affecting how page I/O is done. +The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}. + +This flag is cleared (disabled) by default, but changing that +value won't affect all NAND devices. The key factor is whether +the underlying driver provides @code{read_page} or @code{write_page} +methods. If it doesn't provide those methods, the setting of +this flag is irrelevant; all access is effectively ``raw''. + +When those methods exist, they are normally used when reading +data (@command{nand dump} or reading bad block markers) or +writing it (@command{nand write}). However, enabling +raw access (setting the flag) prevents use of those methods, +bypassing hardware ECC logic. +@i{This can be a dangerous option}, since writing blocks +with the wrong ECC data can cause them to be marked as bad. +@end deffn + +@section NAND Drivers; Driver-specific Options and Commands +@anchor{NAND Driver List} +As noted above, the @command{nand device} command allows +driver-specific options and behaviors. +Some controllers also activate controller-specific commands. + +@deffn {NAND Driver} lpc3180 +These controllers require an extra @command{nand device} +parameter: the clock rate used by the controller. +@deffn Command {nand lpc3180 select} num [mlc|slc] +Configures use of the MLC or SLC controller mode. +MLC implies use of hardware ECC. +The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}. +@end deffn + +At this writing, this driver includes @code{write_page} +and @code{read_page} methods. Using @command{nand raw_access} +to disable those methods will prevent use of hardware ECC +in the MLC controller mode, but won't change SLC behavior. +@end deffn +@comment current lpc3180 code won't issue 5-byte address cycles + +@deffn {NAND Driver} orion +These controllers require an extra @command{nand device} +parameter: the address of the controller. +@example +nand device orion 0xd8000000 +@end example +These controllers don't define any specialized commands. +At this writing, their drivers don't include @code{write_page} +or @code{read_page} methods, so @command{nand raw_access} won't +change any behavior. +@end deffn + +@deffn {NAND Driver} {s3c2410, s3c2412, s3c2440, s3c2443} +These S3C24xx family controllers don't have any special +@command{nand device} options, and don't define any +specialized commands. +At this writing, their drivers don't include @code{write_page} +or @code{read_page} methods, so @command{nand raw_access} won't +change any behavior. +@end deffn + @node General Commands @chapter General Commands @cindex commands @@ -3530,6 +3826,11 @@ references a jtag newtap and a flash bank references a target). You can use the ``scan_chain'' command to verify and display the tap order. +Also, some commands can't execute until after @command{init} has been +processed. Such commands include @command{nand probe} and everything +else that needs to write to controller registers, perhaps for setting +up DRAM and loading it with code. + @item @b{JTAG Tap Order} JTAG tap order - command order Many newer devices have multiple JTAG taps. For example: ST @@ -3956,13 +4257,17 @@ at91sam9260.cfg nslu2.cfg sam7x256.cfg wi-9c.cfg @include fdl.texi -@node OpenOCD Index +@node OpenOCD Concept Index @comment DO NOT use the plain word ``Index'', reason: CYGWIN filename @comment case issue with ``Index.html'' and ``index.html'' @comment Occurs when creating ``--html --no-split'' output @comment This fix is based on: http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2006-05/msg00215.html -@unnumbered OpenOCD Index +@unnumbered OpenOCD Concept Index @printindex cp +@node OpenOCD Command Index +@unnumbered OpenOCD Command Index +@printindex fn + @bye |